56 



INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE APPLE. 



bands should be tied tightly in the middle. Each cater{)illar 

 is furnished with four pairs of fleshy ])rolegs, which are 

 fringed with small horny hooks, and on the insect's trying 

 to pass over the cotton these hooks get so entangled in the 

 fibres that further [)rogress becomes very difficult, and is 

 seldom persisted in. A shower of rain will pack the fibres 

 of the cotton somewhat, but where the string fastening it is 

 tied around the middle, the up})er half washes down and 

 makes a sort of roof overhanging the lower portion, which in 

 great measure |)rotects it from the weather. 



These larvae are seldom abun- 

 dant for many years in succession, 

 for ill times of great plenty their 

 natural enemies multiply with 

 i^jcTN^ amazing rapidity. Several par- 

 asites destroy them. Two species 

 of Ichneumon flies prey on them, 

 also a two- winged Taehina fly, 

 closely resembling the E,ed-tailed 

 Taehina fly, Nemorxa leucanise (Kirkp.) (Fig. 46), which 

 attacks the army-worm, but this fly is without the red tail. 



Fig. 4G. 



Fig. 47. 



Fig. 48. 



A species of bug (Hemiptera) attacks the larvae just Avhei: 

 they are constructing their cocoons, and sucks them empty, 



