ATTACKING THE LEAVES. 157 



The remedies recommended for the apple-tree aphis (No. 

 57) will be serviceable for this insect also. 



No. 80. — Grasshoppers, or Locusts. 

 In addition to the insects already treated of, several species 

 of grasshoppers, or, more correctly, locusts, attack the leaves 

 of the pear, and, when abundant, will often entirely strip 

 young trees of their foliage. In Fig. 164 we have a repre- 

 sentation of the red-legged locust, Caloptenus femur-ruhrum 

 (De Geer), one of our commonest species, which is abundant 

 everywhere, from Maine to Minnesota, throughout the greater 

 portion of Canada, and from Pennsylvania to Kansas. In 

 Fig. 165 is shown the noted Rocky Mountain locust, Calop- 



FiG. 164. Fig. 165. 



tenus spretus Thomas, which has proved so terribly destructive 

 in the West and Northwest. Although much resembling the 

 red-legged locust in size and general appearance, the wings 

 are longer, and there are other points of difference which 

 enable the entomologist readily to separate the species. These, 

 however, need not be enumerated here. In Fig. 166 the 

 females of the Rocky Mountain locust are depicted at a, a, a, 

 in the act of depositing their eggs. These eggs are laid in 

 the ground in masses, in which the eggs are carefully arranged, 

 and the whole coated with a gummy covering. In the lower 

 part of the figure one of the egg-masses is shown with one 

 end open, others in position at d and e, and the eggs separated 

 at c; /shows where an egg-mass has been deposited and the 

 aperture closed. 



In Fig. 167 another common species is represented, — at a 

 in the immature or larval state, at b in the mature or perfect 

 condition. This insect is known under the name of the irreen- 



