240 INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE GRAPE. 



chrysalis state clear the 'gall entirely of its contents. The 

 larva (Fig. 247, a) is about one-tenth of an inch long, of a pale 



pinkish-yellow color, glossy 

 PiG- '^47. and semi-transparent, with a 



dark line down the back on 

 the two anterior and some 

 of the posterior segments. 

 On the terminal segment 

 there are two short, fleshy 

 horns united by a slight 

 ridge; the horns are tipped 

 with brownish black, and 

 have a minute cluster of 

 spines at their summit. 



The chrysalis, shown at 6 

 in the figure, is a little less 

 than one-tenth of an inch in 

 length, of a reddish-brown 

 color, with a few short hairs scattered over its surface, and 

 two blackish horns united by a ridge near the hinder extremity. 

 Both the chrysalis and the larva are magnified. 



The perfect insect escapes in about a fortnight after the 

 chrysalis is formed. It is a very pretty little two-winged fly, 

 shown much magnified at c in the figure, and of its natural 

 size at d. 



The Phylloxera is also preyed on by the larva of a dull- 

 colored lady-bird, a species of Scymnus, by several other 

 species of the lady-bird family, and by the larvse of the lace- 

 wing flies referred to under No. 57. 



To guard against its introduction into new vineyards, the 

 roots of young vines should be carefully examined before being 

 planted, and if knots and lice are found upon them these 

 latter may be destroyed by immersing the roots in hot soap- 

 suds or tobacco- water. 



Our native American vines are found to withstand the 

 attacks of this insect much better than do those of European 



