56 IOWA STUDIES IN NATURAL HISTORY 



wavy. Neuration practically as in T. juvenalis. T. funeraMs 

 is structurally very close to this genus, but the apex of the pri- 

 maries is never distinctly subtruncate and the anal angle is 

 much more broadly rounded. 



1. TIMOCHARES RUPTIFASCIATUS 



Antigonus ruptifasciatus Plotz, Jahrb. Nass. Ver. xxxvn, 27, 1884. 

 Biol. Cent.-Am., Rhop. n, 418, pi. 88, pp. 1, 2, 1896. 



I have seen one male from Brownsville, Texas, in the Barnes collection. 



Genus GRAIS Godman & Salvin 

 Grais G. & S., Biol. Cent.-Am., Rhop. n, 381, 1894. Type An- 

 astrus stigmaticus Mab. 

 The structure of this genus is very similar to that of the pre- 

 ceding, but the cell of the primaries is of almost equal width 

 throughout, and is approximately equal to the distance between 

 cell and costa. The male has neither costal fold nor tibial tuft. 



1. GRAIS STIGMATICUS 



Anastrus stigmaticus Mab., Bull. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxvi, liv, 1883. 

 Antigonus fumosus Plotz, Jahrb. Nass. Ver. xxxvn, 26, 1884. 

 Biol. Cent.-Am., Ehop. II, 381, pi. 84, ff. 24, 25, 26, 1894. 

 Kerrville, Texas; September. 



Subfamily PAMPHILINAE 



Palpi usually upturned; in a few genera porrect. Antennae 

 very variable in length ; club usually short and stout with a very 

 slender apiculus but sometimes longer ; apiculus sometimes thick 

 or absent. Primaries more or less trigonate; secondaries tri- 

 (gonate to rounded and lobed. Neuration as in the Hesperiinae 

 but with the L. D. C. usually tubular and vein 5 curved toward 

 the base in the primaries, arising nearer to 4 than to 6. Front 

 tibiae usually with the epiphysis; middle tibiae usually with 

 conspicuous spines; hind tibiae usually with two pairs of spurs 

 and never with a tuft. In the species of group A the spinula- 

 tion of the mid tibiae furnishes a convenient means for separat- 

 ing the insects from the Hesperiinae. Males often with stigma 

 on primaries. 



The loss of the apiculus in the Pamphilinae seems to have been 

 brought about by its gradual reduction, a process of evolution 

 which is nicely illustrated by the transition from Oligoria to 



