68 IOWA STUDIES IN NATURAL HISTORY 



7. Spot on under surface of secondaries just behind vein 2 nearer base 

 of wing than rest of band or absent. Band sometimes too much mod- 

 ified to show this difference 8 



This spot on a line with rest of band or outside of it ; band well marked, 

 white viridis 



8. Spots not confluent, their size variable; under surface usually dark 



with sparse over-scaling woodgatei 



Spots usually confluent or over-scaling dense 9 



9. Upper surface bright with sharp contrasts; costal area of primaries 



fulvous; white spots of lower surface very large and bright juba 



Upper surface with a variable diffusion of fuscous; when maculation 

 is sharp, the other characters differ. Spots below moderate to greatly 

 reduced, white or yellowish 10 



10. Maculation below yellow but not reduced sassacus 12 



Maculation white or greatly reduced 11 



11. Macular band with one spot before vein 7, one behind vein 2 followed 

 by a trace of a second; band irregular; superficial vestiture gray- 



green 



.nevada 



Band equally contrasting but more regular and abbreviated, usually 

 with no spot before 7 and only one reduced spot behind 2 ; superficial 



vestiture green Colorado 



Spots dull white; superficial vestiture golden brown manitoba 



Under surface of secondaries very smooth in appearance, yellow; spots 



white idaho 



Spots greatly reduced, white assiniboia 



Spots greatly reduced, yellowish oregonia 



12. Under surface of secondaries pale; maculation faint sassacus 



Under surface dark; maculation contrasting . sassacus, race manitoboides 



13. Under surface of secondaries dark red-brown with pale, cream-white 



spots leonardus 



Under surface otherwise 14 



14. Pale maculation above very diffuse; pale area in end of cell of pri- 

 maries showing two pale nuclei, always vague, .sassacus, race dacotae 

 Cell of primaries with two sharply defined spots in end, or with these 

 indistinguishably fused 15 



15. Disk of secondaries above with fulvous spots ( $ ) ; under surface very 



dark ( $ ) attains, race seminole 



Disk more or less broadly fulvous ($); under surface pale ($)... .16 



16. Under surface of secondaries yellow-fulvous, with or without vague 



traces of large spots meskei 



Under surface of a lighter shade, more or less yellow; spots small 

 or absent 17 



17. Southern species, Florida, Texas, Ohio? attains 



Prairie species, Iowa, Nebraska, Dakota, Montana, and California 

 ottoe, pawnee, pawnee race montana 



