IO RICE-PEST OF BRITISH BURMA. 



extracting oxygen from water than are the men who 

 traverse the sea-bed, their heads encased in divers' hel- 

 mets : they are simply diving case-bearers. 



The caterpillars described by De Geer, by Miiller- 

 Blumenau, and by myself, on the contrary, always are, 

 and always require to be, immersed in the water, with 

 which it is of vital importance to them that their bodies 

 should be completely and continuously bathed. 



The Pupa. Figs. 2, 2a, ib. 



The pupa is fusiform, being pointed at both ends, ob- 

 tusely at the anterior and sharply at the posterior end. It 

 is 9/5 millims. long by 2*25 millims. broad in its widest 

 part, its length being to its breadth as four to one, and it is 

 rather broader than high. In colour it is pale brown on the 

 legs, wings, and antennae, livid brown as to the body and 

 eyes, in spirit specimens. The antennae, mouth-parts, 

 legs, and wings are symmetrically folded back upon the 

 ventral surface in the usual manner, the posterior legs 

 reaching to a point which lies about midway between the 

 end of the abdomen and the end of the fifth somite 

 of this part in the perfect insect, which, in the speci- 

 mens before me, is almost ready to emerge, having 

 already separated from the pupa-skin at its posterior 

 end. The pupa is quite smooth and entirely devoid 

 of setae, except the pair of stout black ones which 

 project forwards and outwards from the truncated front 

 of the head, and are separated from one another by 

 an interval equal to the length of one of them. Not a 

 trace remains of the white branched filaments with which 

 the body of the caterpillar is beset : these were all 

 cast off by the caterpillar at its last moult; but the stig- 

 mata of the second, third, and fourth abdominal somites 

 have undergone a considerable development, and at this 

 stage form a series of three tolerably prominent nipple- 



