1915.] ' NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 459 
Century IV, vol. 7, Nos. 1-42; 18G3. 
Century V, vol. 8, Nos. 14-32; 1864. 
Century VI, vol. 9, Nos. 2, 3; 1865. 
Century VIII, vol. 13, No. 2; 1869. 
Century X, vol. 16, Nos. 2, 3; 1872. 
All of the North American crane-flies described by Loew in this 
series of articles belong to the subfamily Tipulince and include the 
following genera: Ctenophora (1 species); Lo7igurio (1 species); 
Holorusia (1 species); Stygeropsis (3 species); Pachyrrhina (19 
species) and Tipula (41 species). The Loew material is all cotypic, 
there being no designation of a single-type specimen, and conse- 
quently the choosing of a lectotype at this time is deemed advisable. 
Concerning the Loew collection, as it is now preserved, it should be 
understood that the type-series for any species very often includes 
many specimens that were not mentioned by Loew in his original 
description, and yet there can be no doubt but that the material 
formed part of the type-series, since the specimens often bear the 
written label in Loew's script and the text of certain of the descrip- 
tions indicates that this material was before the author at the time 
that the description was drawn up. It has often seemed advisable 
to select one of these latter specimens as type, but this has not been 
done unless the actual specimen mentioned by Loew could not be 
located, as in the case of Tipula angulata. In all cases the male sex 
has been given preference over the female because ^of the varied 
characters of the hypopygium of this sex. Specimens that were- 
placed in the series .by Osten Sacken at the time that he arranged 
the material in the museum, but from the place and date were- 
obviously not in Loew's hands at the time of the dra^ving up of the 
descriptions, have been ignored. It may be stated that the material 
in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, as regards the species of 
Tipula, is still largely unarranged except to the major divisions 
based on the wing-pattern, there being three large cases devoted 
to the striake, marmoratce, and subunicolores. When one studies the 
descriptions of the Tipulce described by Loew it is at once noted that 
only about six of the forty or more characterized are of the sub- 
unicolores, and this was explained when the collection was studied. 
The majority of the species described as new in the present paper, 
as well as most of the Eastern species named by Doane in 1901, were 
found in the collection, bearing manuscript names in Loew's writing 
but for some unexplained reason having never been described. In 
cases where this was feasible the name suggested by Loew is the 
