1916.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 509 
the Tipulidse. It is much more reasonable to figure out the dis- 
appearance of one of these branches by fusion to the wing-margin, 
a condition found in many remote crane-fly tribes (Linmophihni, 
the Neotropical genus Psaronius Enderlein; Hexatomini, the genus 
Hexatoma and the reduced form, Cladolipes, Palsearctic, etc.). In 
the genus Gonomyia we may start with forms possessing a deep cell 
Ri and the radial cross-vein present as in the subgenus Gonomyella 
Alexander {slossona; Alexander) through species with the cell a little 
less deep [subcinerea group (Nearctic), Plate XXVI, fig. 33; affinis 
Brunetti (Oriental) et al.] ; then to still smaller forked species {noveho- 
racensis, Plate XXVI, fig. 30; aperta Brunetti) and finally to a group 
of species that have the cell very tiny {sulphurella group, Plate XXVI, 
fig. 26; flavonotata Edwards of the Seychelles Islands et al.), a single 
step further in the fusion of R2+3 resulting in the obliteration of the 
cell and the attainment of the condition found' in Leiponeura (Plate 
XXVI, figs. 17-22). With this fusing of the branches of i^2+3 there 
occurs a simultaneous tendency for ^4+5 to bend caudad toward the 
wing-apex so that in the species of Leiponeura these two branches of 
the radial sector are very widely separated at the wing-margin. 
It is a very easy matter to pick out the species of this group merely 
by this one tendency alone, a correlated character, however, being 
the extremely narrowed, often almost pointed, inner end of cell 
1st M2 due to the extreme shortening of the basal deflection of ilf 1+2. 
Dr. Bergroth has expressed his belief that although Gonomyia 
manca Osten Sacken is a true, though aberrant, member of the genus, 
the other species that have been described in various Antochine 
genera, such as Atarba, Elliptera, Leiponeura, etc., are quite distinct 
from manca and really belong to the tribe Antochini. The series 
of Leiponeura, as they occur in the United States alone and without 
taking into consideration the rest of the world, show a curious and 
almost complete transition into the sulphurella group of Gonomyia 
s.s. I would point out the exceedingly long verticils of the flagellar 
segments of the male antennse that are found not only in the species 
of Leiponeura {manca, pleuralis et al.), but also in Gonomyia sul- 
phurella, another proof of the close relationship existing, since this 
condition of the antennae elsewhere in the family is rare or lacking. 
Occasionally a crane-fly society is found in which the dominant 
element consists of species of this genus. Such a society was found 
in the Shaul woods on the east bank of Nowadaga Creek (Castle 
Creek) south of the village of Indian Castle, Herkimer County, New 
York, June 13, 1915, and may be described as a Gonomyia-a,ssocisition. 
