510 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Oct., 
The woods are quite open, in places with outcroppings of a transi- 
tional character, of Trenton limestones and Utica shales and with a 
western exposure. The forest cover consists of the dominant 
arbor-vitse, Thuja occidentalis, with an admixture of Juglans cinerea, 
Betula lutea, Uhnus americana, U. fulva, TiUa americana, Fraxinus 
americana and a few others. The underl^rush was of yew, Taxus 
canadensis, Rihes Cynosbati and Ha7namelis virginiana. The under- 
growth from which the crane-flies were swept consisted of three 
dominant plants, early meadow-rue, Thalidnwi dioician, mandrake, 
Podophyllum peltatum, and ground ivy, Nepeta hederacea, with fewer 
representatives of other species, Rayiunculus abortivus, R. acris, 
Fragaria vesca, and an abundance of bladder-fern, Cystopteris bulb- 
ifera. In places rank growths of Osmunda cinnamomea, Podophyllum, 
Solidago, Lysimochia Nummularia, bound into dense tangles by 
lianas, Menispermum canadense and P seder a quinque-folia. Here 
occurred Gonomyia mathesoni, Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) flava and 
Erioptera venusia. Along the base of the hill is a broad ditch, now 
quite dry, but supporting such a flora as Cystopteris, Lysimachia 
Nummidaria, Tussilago Farfara, etc. It is very probable that a 
certain element of the crane-fly fauna emerged from this ditch. The 
similarity between the crane-fly fauna of this open woods and that 
of Sport Island in the Sacandaga River, Fulton County, New York, 
is very close {Gonomyia alexanderi, G. cognatella, G. mathesoni, 
Rhabdomastix flava, etc.). 
The crane-fly fauna of this association is as follows: 
Dicranomyia liberta, sev.; Geranomyia canadensis, rare; Antocha 
saxicola, few; Erioptera venusta, comm.; E. armata, comm.; Molo- 
philus pubipennis, comm.; Gonomyia alexanderi, uncomm.; G. 
sulphurella, dom.; G. mathesoni, dom.; G. cognatella and G. florens, 
loc. abund.; G. subcinerea, uncomm.; Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) 
flava, uncomm.; Adelphomyia tninuta, uncomm.; Limnophila rufibasis, 
comm.; Tipula caloptera, rare, and T. macrolabis, rare. 
Sport Island in the Sacandaga River, New York (mentioned 
above), is rather remarkable in its Gonomyia fauna, no less than 
eight species having been taken here {G. alexanderi, G. sacandaga, 
G. manca, G. sulphurella, G. cognatella, G. mathesoni, G. noveboracensis 
and G. subcinerea), as well as the closely related genus, Rhabdomastix 
(Sacandaga) flava Alexander. The floral conditions obtaining here 
have been discussed l)}^ the author in an earlier paper.^ 
^Entomological News, vol. 23, p. 72 (1912). 
