202 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 
Chionea Dalman. 
These interesting subapterous crane-flies have been the sub- 
ject of much discussion during the past hundred years. They 
were long supposed to be wingless but this is incorrect, the wings 
being present although greatly reduced (see fig. 1, w). The legs 
of the males of many species are strongly incrassated and hairy. 
The evolution of the group from full-winged ancestors has been 
indicated by the author in another paper (Proceedings Academy 
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, p. 529, 530; 1916). The closest 
known relative of Chionea I believe to be the full-winged Ptero- 
chiovea hradleyi Alexander (British Columbia), a fly that is interest- 
ing and suggestive in many ways. Its structure may be compared 
with that of C. primitiva, sp. n., when the relationships existing 
will be better understood. 
The antenna? of Pterochionea, unlike the normal eriopterine 
crane-flies, have undergone a reduction in the number of the 
antennal segments, this reduction being brought about by a curious 
fusion of the five basal segments of the flagellum (fig. 3), that 
has been termed the fusion-segment. In Pterochionea this fusion- 
segment is elongated and the five sets of verticils are well-preserved. 
In Chionea, and, to a lesser extent, in Crypteria Bergroth, the fusion- 
segment has shortened up into a conical structure that is scarcely 
longer than the succeeding flagellar segment, and the five sets of 
verticils are either lost or very reduced. Beyond the fusion- 
segment in Pterochionea, Crypteria and C. primitiva, there are nine 
flagellar segments, thus accounting for the sixteen segments of the 
normal eriopterine organ. In order to determine, if possible, 
how the further reduction in segments in C. valga, C. nivicola and 
the other species had been brought about, Mr. C. W. Johnson 
has very kindly examined the types and fresh metatypical speci- 
mens of C. valga Harris in the collection of the Boston Society of 
Natural History. Under the date of March 11, 1917, he writes 
in part: "Under the binocular and with a fresh specimen I seem 
to see traces of segmentation in the three conspicuous joints of 
the flagellum, with 12 verticils and bristles, showing, as you say, 
nine. In the old specimens, including the type, I cannot make 
out clearly the weaker segmentation, but the verticils seem to be 
the same; all of the specimens have the three long bristles on the 
