March Pomona College Journal of Entomology and Zoology, Vol. 7, No. h 1915 
The Biology of the North American Crane 
FHes (TipuHdc^ Diptera) III. The 
Genus Ula Hahday 
CHARLES PAUL ALEXANDER, 
ITHACA, N. Y.* 
INTRODUCTION 
The genus Ula was erected by Hariday (Entomological Maga- 
zine, Vol. 1, p. 153, 1833) for the species moUissima, nov., which 
is now recognized as being the same as the Limnohia macroptera 
of Macquart (Recueil Soc. Sc. Agricult., Lille, p. 158, 1826). 
The genus includes six described species, macroptera Macquart, 
the genotype, sororcula Zetterstedt, and hoUtophila Loew, of 
Europe; elegaus Osten Sacken and paupera Osten Sacken of the 
United States; and javanica Alexander of Java. The series of 
North American material that I have had for study render it 
probable that paupera Osten Sacken (Mon. Dipt. N. Am., vol. 4, 
pp. 277, 278, 1869) is the same species as clegans Osten Sacken 
(1. c, pp. 276, 277). The insect varies greatly in its body color- 
ation and in the intensity of the pattern on the wings. It seems 
possible, moreover, that the three European species are merely 
variations of a single species, but this question cannot be decided 
at this time. 
Osten Sacken in 1859 (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 199) 
placed this genus in the tribe Pedicini (as Pediciaformia) and in 
1869 (Mon. Dipt. N. Am., vol. 4, p. 274 to 278) still retained it 
in this tribe (as Jmalopina). It has been left in this tribe by all 
subsequent workers, but the study of the immature stages shows 
that the reference is quite erroneous. The genus Ula should be 
placed in the Limnophilini close to Uloniorpha Osten Sacken. The 
characters of the Pedicini {i. e., larva with the anterior margin of 
the submental region transverse, the caudal end of the body with 
but two lobes; pupa with the spiracles short, the tips expanded and 
* Contribution from the Limnological Laboratory of the Department of Entomology 
in Cornell University. 
