JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY d 
In his original description of Ula hoUtophila (Beschr. Eur. Dipt., 
vol. 1, pp. 4, 5, 1869) Loew remarks that some of the material 
upon which the species was based was from Krain, Austria, where 
it was bred from larviE dwelling in a fungus on beech trees. 
On September 15, 1912, at Gloversville, Fulton County, New 
York, I took a fleshy species of Foiucs {Poly poms) growing on a 
stump near the earth. This contained about 35 larvae of Limnohia 
cinctipcs Say, and many larv;t of Ula elegans Osten Sacken. The 
larvcE of these crane-flies infested the upper layers of the fungus 
and had reduced the surface to a semi-liquid state. At the end of 
a week the whole mushroom was decayed and semi-liquid. The 
record of proceedings as it appears in my fieki-notes is as follows: 
"Sept. 28, 1912, at Ithaca, N. Y. The specimens were placed in 
jars containing sand, which took up the liquids produced by the 
disintegration of the mushroom and provided a place for pupation. 
"Oct. 4, 1912. All of the above larvae when examined were 
found to be alive and active. 
"Oct. 14, 1912. Four Via emerged today. This limits the 
pupal period to not longer than ten days." 
The insects continued to emerge in large numbers until the 27th 
of October, when the remaining pups were killed and preserved in 
alcohol. At this time they were very dark-colored and evidently 
nearly ready to emerge as adults. The larval movements may be 
described as follows : At each movement forward the terminal 
segment of the larva partly telescopes into the subterminal and is 
thrown back violently at each forward movement. At other times 
the larval motions are very actively to-and-fro, eel-like. The asso- 
ciates of Ula in the fungus were larvEE of Limnobia cinctipes Say, 
and a much lesser number of Limnohia trioccUata Osten Sacken. 
After transforming to the adult condition, the pupal skins are 
found attached to the sand by the apical one-half or the extreme 
caudal end of the body, often standing up perpendicularly to the 
surface, the exuviae being very conspicuous. 
The adult flies are most common in the spring and fall, but are 
rarely if ever taken during the season of midsummer. They are 
especially numerous in cool, shaded gorges and ravines, and may be 
swept from beds of low vegetation, such as ferns, ground-hemlock 
