154 



INJURIOUS \\'I> BENEFICIAL INSECTS OF CALIFORNIA. 



Food Plants.— Almond, Antidesma, apple, apricot, mountain ash, 



aster, beech, buckthorn, camellia, Gedrus deodara, Cestrum, chrysan- 

 themum, citron, Duranta, eucalyptus, fig, grape, grapefruit, Grevillea, 

 Orewia, groundsel tree (Baccharis), guava, holly, mountain holly, 

 Irish juniper, laurel, lemon, 

 locust, honey-locust, magnolia, 

 maple, Melaleuca, Myoporum, 

 nightshade, oleander, olive, or- 

 ange, trifoliate orange, orchids, 

 palm, pigeon pea, pear, pepper 

 tree, phlox, plum, pomegranate, 

 poplar, privet, prune, rose, rub- 

 ber, California sage, sumach, 

 sycamore, tangerine, sago palm, 

 Thespesia and watermelon are 

 among the plants attacked by 

 the black scale. 



Control. — Fumigation: On 

 citrus trees, fumigate with from 

 one half to three fourths sched- 

 ule No. 1. between September 

 1st and January 1st. If the 

 hatch is very even and the work 

 can be done early, the one half 

 schedule is sufficient, but for 

 ordinary work three fourths of 

 the schedule is required. 



Sprays: On deciduous fruit 

 and olive trees the following 

 sprays may be used when the scales are not more than half-grown : 

 Water-distillate-caustic-soda mechanical mixture, miscible oils and dis- 

 tillate emulsions. 



Natural Enemies. — The ladybird beetles, Rhizobius vcntralis, Onus 

 ihalybeus, Olla abdominalis and Axion plagiatus work upon the young 

 scales; the parasites, Scutellista cyanea and Tomocera calif ornica How., 

 destroy the eggs and the internal parasite, Aphycus ftavus How., has 

 been reared from the male scales and Coccophagus hcauii attacks the 

 young. 



THE MONTEREY PINE SCALE 



Physokermes insignicola (Craw) 



(Lccanium insignicola Craw) 



(Fig. 133) 



Description.- The adult females vary from reddish-broAvn to black, 

 are strongly convex or almost globular with inflated base, and are 

 Irregular and unsymmetrical. The surface is smooth, shiny and 

 covered with minute dark specks. The diameter is about | inch. The 

 immature forms are light brown and very much flatter than the 

 adults. 



Life History. — The winter is passed in the half-grown stage and 

 maturity is readied in early summer, when the voung of the next 



Fig. 132. — The black scale, Saissetia olew 

 (Bern.). Scales of the males on orange leaf. 

 Slightly enlarged. Collected at Orange by 

 Roy K. Bishop. (Original) 



