INJURIOUS AND BENEFICIAL INSECTS OF CALIFORNIA. 



185 



be greatly weakened and the foliage turned yellow by their attacks. 

 The infested fruit is unfit for market. 



Distribution.— This species is widely distributed throughout the 

 entire citrus growing sections of the State, being especially abundant 

 in the hotter interior valleys. It is abundant in the northern citrus belt. 



Food Plants. — Aucuba, citron, Daphne, Euonymus, wild Japanese 

 ginger, grapefruit, India rubber, English ivy, lemon and orange are 

 attacked. 



Control. — Control measures are the same as for the red scale. 



Natural Enemies.— The predaceous insects are the same as those 

 working upon red scale. AspidioUphagus citrinus Craw is the most 

 effective internal parasite. 



THE BLACK ARAUCARIA SCALE 



Chrysomphalus rossi (Maskell) 

 (Aspidiotus 7-ossi Maskell) 



(Fig. 162) 



Description.— The scale of the adult female is circular or irregularly 

 oblong with ragged margins, flattened, reddish to dark brown or almost 

 black with inner surface around and 

 including the central exuvia black. 

 The male scale is smaller and lighter 

 in color. The female body is red- 

 dish-yellow and about T V inch long. 

 The eggs are light purple and hatch 

 soon after being laid. The young 

 larva? are pink. 



Nature of Work. — This scale 

 works upon the stems and leaves of 

 the plants, causing yellow blotches 

 and often complete discoloration to 

 the entire foliage. 



Distribution.— The black araucaria 

 scale was imported from Australia 

 or Asia and is now established in the 

 southern part of the State, having 

 been taken in Los Angeles County 

 by A. S. Hoyt and in Santa Barbara 

 County by S. H. Essig. 



Food Plants. — The only host re- 

 ported in California is Araucaria 

 bidwillii. W. W. Proggatt 104 records 

 the following food plants in Aus- 

 tralia: Araucaria imbricata, Abutilon, Artemisia, Banhsia, Coccobolia. 

 Copparis, Euonymus, grasstree, hyssop, oleander, olive, palm and 

 Tthinocarpus. 



Control.— Control measures are the same as for red scale. 



Natural Enemy.— The steel-blue ladybird beetle, Orcus chalybeus, 

 preys upon this scale. 



Fig. 162. — The black araucaria scale, 

 Chri/sninphalus rossi (Mask.), on Arau- 

 caria bidwillii. Natural size. Taken in 

 quarantine from Santa Barbara County 

 by S. H. Essig. (Original) 



10i Agrcl. Gaz. N. S. W., p. 317. Apr. 2, 1914. 



