INJURIOUS AND BENEFICIAL INSECTS OP CALIFORNIA. 



189 



decidedly gray. The surface is shiny and ridged with lines parallel 

 to the first exuvia. The body proper is situated at the small end. The 

 length of the scale varies from T V to : | inch. The male scales are 

 similar to the females in color, but are much smaller and have a 

 hinge near the posterior end. The males are small, delicate two-winged 

 insects. The eggs are oval and pearly white. 



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165. — The oyster-shell scale, Lepidosaphes ulmi (Linn.). Natural 

 size and enlarged. On maple. (Original) 



Life History. — The females deposit from forty to a hundred eggs 

 beneath the scale in the fall. These remain over the winter and hatch 

 in May and June. The young first settle upon the leaves, fruit and 

 tender twigs and afterwards move to the older bark. The species is 

 quite prolific and the scales are often so thick as to completely hide the 

 bark. There is usually but one uneven brood a year. 



Nature of Work. — The trunks, large and small limbs, leaves and 

 fruit are attacked, but the species is principally a bark feeder. Limbs 

 or entire trees may be killed by their attacks. 



Distribution. — This species is common throughout the State. 



