INJURIOUS AND BENEFICIAL INSECTS OF CALIFORNIA. 



221 



while many of the covered ones pupate within the larval skins, which 

 give ample protection. Offensive liquids arc also secreted by the pupae 

 for protective purposes. Nearly all have the ability to move the body 

 very rapidly when disturbed. 



Adults. — The beetles emerge through slits in the pupal skins and 

 are exceedingly active, feeding throughout their existence. In size 

 they vary in this State from -^ to 

 nearly § inch in length. The color of 



Fig-. 2 0. — Exochont us calif 'cm 

 Casey. Greatly enlarged. (Drawing 

 by Birdnekoff, Mo. Bui. Cal. Hort. 

 Com.) 



Fig. 201. — Hyperaspis undulata Say. 

 Greatly enlarged. (Drawing by Bird- 

 nekoff, Mo. Bui. Cal. Hort Com.) 



the larger species is usually showy and of many shades and combina- 

 tions, but the majority are dull and inconspicuous. The males are 

 somewhat smaller than the females and sometimes with slightly differ- 

 ent colorations. The - 

 winter is passed in \, \^^J {? 

 hibernation. I n 

 some species thou- 

 sands of individual-; 

 collect in the moun- 

 tains in great num- 

 bers, where the win- 

 ter is spent among 

 the leaves, rocks and 

 pine needles, under 

 the snow. With the 



first warm spring Fig. 203.— Hyperaspis spi- 



, , ■ / c cuhnota Fall. Greatly en- 



Weather these larged. < Author's illustration, 



emerge from the Mo - Bul CaL Hort Com) 

 winter quarters and migrate to the lower valleys and disperse to give 

 rise to succeeding summer generations. 



The coccinellids differ from the closely related chrysomelids by hav- 

 ing three instead of four tarsal joints and the antennae enlarged at 

 the tips. 



Fig. 2 02. — The mourning 

 Hyperaspis, Hyperaspis ma: 

 rens Lee. Greatly enlarged 

 (Author's illustration, Mo 

 Bul. Cal. Hort. Com.) 



