INJURIOUS AND BENEFICIAL INSECTS OF CALIFORNIA. 



313 



Control.— The control measures usually recommended consist in the 

 removal and burning- of all dead or dying trees which afford breeding 

 places for the larvae. Regular pruning of hedges and the burning of 

 the trimmings have also given good results. 



THE CYPRESS BARK-BEETLE 

 Phlccosinu8 cupressi Hopkins (Family Ipidse) 



(Fig. 308) 



Description. — The adults 

 thorax and head nearly 

 black, and about I inch long. 

 The larvae are white and 

 about I inch long. The pupa' 

 are white and as large as the 

 adults. 



Life History. — The adults 

 appear in March and begin 

 at once to make long gal- 

 leiies through the bark and 

 into the sapwood. In these 

 primary galleries the eggs 

 are laid and the young grubs 

 begin to make small sec- 

 ondary galleries from and at 

 right angles to the primaries. 

 The summer and winter is 

 spent in these secondary gal- 

 leries and in the spring the 

 adults cut holes through the 

 bark and emerge. After 

 mating they begin to make 

 new primary burrows and 

 tin 1 life cycle is repeated. 



Nature of Work. — The 

 many small, round pinholes 

 in the bark of the trunks 

 and limbs of the trees make 

 the presence of the beetle 

 very easily known. If the 

 bark is removed the primary 

 and secondary galleries are 

 very plain, as shown in Fig. 

 308. The work is in the sap- 

 wood and by its destruction 

 the trees are soon killed. 

 They normally attack only 

 dead wood, but do work into 

 the living tissues. Large 

 drops of gum sometimes 

 collect over the holes on the 

 bark, 



are short, robust, dark-brown with pro- 



JBBPR 



Fig. 30S. — Piece of bark removed from a Law- 

 son's cypress tree showing the work of the cypress 

 bark-beetle, PhUeosinus cupressi Hopk. The adult 

 entered the bark at the lower end and made the 

 straight longitudinal primary gallery. At short 

 intervals eggs were laid, which batched into 

 larvae. These made the numerous transverse sec- 

 ondary galleries. At the ends of the older 

 secondary galleries may in- seen the pupal cells, 

 from whence the adults made their exit holes. 

 Natural size. Specimen taken ;it the Golden 

 Gate ['ark, San Francisco, by Harold Compere. 

 1 1 iriginal > 



