INJURIOUS AND BENEFICIAL INSECTS OF CALIFORNIA. 



333 



Nature of Work. — The mines arc made between the upper and Lower 

 epidermis of the leaves and the chlorophyll is completely destroyed, 



the mines or blotches soon turning white 

 Many of the leaves are completely killed 

 by the attacks and any grown for greens, 

 as spinach, are completely ruined for 

 market if only slightly infested. The 

 maggots are easily located in the mines 

 by feeling or by holding the leaf to the 

 light. 



Distribution. — This fly is very com- 

 mon at Berkeley, Oakland, Alameda 

 and other sections around the San 



and later yellow or brown. 



Fig. 329. — Epidermis above mine on a beet 

 leaf broken to show the maggots of the beet 

 or spinach leaf-miner in situ. Enlarged twice. 

 ( Original ) 



Francisco Bay. It was first reported in 

 the State from Alameda, Castroville and 

 Watsonville in 1893. 240 The distribution 

 is probably quite vide. 



Food Plants. — The leaves of all kinds 

 of beets and of spinach and lambs- 

 quarters are attacked. 



Control.— Control measures are the 

 same as recommended for the radish 

 maggot. 



Fig. 330. — one and one half inches 

 nt' the upper soil removed to show 

 i he pupai i.i of the beet or spinach 

 leaf-miner. Enlarged twice. (Orig- 

 inal ) 



Fig. 331. —Adult of the beet or 

 spinach leaf-miner, Pegomyia vicina 

 Lintner. Enlarged four times. (Orig- 

 inal) 



•"Howard. L. O., Insect Life, VII, pp. 379-381, 1895. 



