436 



INJURIOUS AND BENEFICIAL INSECTS OP CALIFORNIA. 



pitraric acid and water to every 100 cubic feet of air space. A tight 

 fumigating room may be used for such purposes. Both fumigants 

 should be carefully handled, for the carbon bisulfid is inflammable and 

 the vapor explosive, while the hydrocyanic acid gas is exceedingly 

 poisonous. 



Natural Enemies. — The bees themselves, when in healthy condition, 

 are the best means of keeping out the moths and Italian bees especially 

 are destructive to such pests. It is well then to keep the colonies as 

 healthy as possible and to mix in a little of the Italian strain. A small 

 mi ant (Solenopsis sp.) is cited by Paddock 308 as being an enemy of the 

 adults and larvae of the bee moth. Three internal 

 parasites are reported as occurring in Europe, but so 

 far none are found in America. 



THE CODLIN-MOTH "' 



Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus) (Family Olethreutidae) 

 [Carpocapsa pomonella (Linnaeus)] 



( riitiltnia pomonella Linnaeus) 



(Figs. 442-446) 



Description. — The eggs are small, flattened to oval 



in shape, and not larger than a pinhead. When 

 Fig. 4 42 — Larva 

 of the codiin-moth, freshly laid they are pearly white. The larva, or so- 



rS.».''"n''%'ar' called" "worm/' is very minute when first hatched. 

 Reduced one half, but when full-grown is nearly an inch long. It. is 

 usually pinkish above and whitish underneath. The 

 cocoon is made of white silk and is usually hid away in some sheltered 

 place. The pupa, scarcely over ^ inch long, is first yellowish, turning 

 with age to a dark rich brown. 

 The moth is small, being about 

 one half inch long with a wing- 

 expanse seldom greater than | 

 inch. The front wings are gray- 

 ish-brown with several gray or 

 lighter cross lines. Near the tip 

 of each is a small brown spot, in 

 which two irregular golden lines 

 appear. The hind wings are 

 slightly lighter, with fringed bor- 

 ders. The color harmonizes well 

 with the gray bark of the apple 

 and pear trees. 



Life History. — The winter is 

 passed in the larval stage within 

 the cocoons upon the trees, in 

 such protected places as under 

 the bark, in split holes, crotches, 

 etc., or beneath trash or litter 

 on the ground, as well as in storehouses where the larvae have escaped 



30S Jr. Ec. Ent. VII, p. 1SS, 1914. 



ao "The cypress cone-borer. Cydia cupressiina Kear., is very closely related to the 

 cocllin-moth. The larvae are about the same size and dull red or greenish in color. 

 They work in the green cones of the Monterey cypress and are quite abundant in the 

 San Francisco Bay region and along the coast in the central part of the State. 



Fig. 44:;. — Adult females and eggs of 

 the cOdlin-moth, Cydia pomonella (Linn.), 

 on young pears. Natural size. (Orig- 

 inal) 



