INJURIOUS AND BENEFICIAL INSECTS OF CALIFORNIA. 



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from stored fruit. In the spring they enter the pupal stage, which 

 occupies about twenty days. The first adult moths are ready to 

 emerge about the time the apples bloom, and many continue to appear 

 throughout the spring and summer. They oviposit mainly upon the 

 leaves and twigs, very few eggs being laid upon the fruit. The eggs 

 of the second generation are usually placed 

 upon the fruit. The larva? hatching from the 

 first eggs usually begin to work immediately 

 A Jk upon the leaves while those of the second gen- 



^L Sm eration gain entrance to the fruit almost imme- 



Ww Pjf diately ai the calyx end. H requires about 



twenty days for the larva? to mature. The 

 generations overlap greatly throughout the 

 summer. The entire life cycle occupies nearly 

 fifty days, there being two 

 broods each year in the West- 

 ern States. 



Nature of Work. — On the 

 fruit of the apple and pear the 

 work of the codlin-moth larva? 

 is familiar to all and consists 

 in an entrance hole through 

 the side or one end and a 

 dirty mass of frass around 

 the core. Walnuts are also 

 similarly attacked while the 

 husk is still green. If the 

 shell is soft enough to be 

 gnawed through the larva' 

 feed upon the kernel inside: 

 if not, the burrows are ex- 

 t e n d e d a r o u n d the shell 

 through the green husk. 



Distribution. — This moth 

 occurs in all parts of the State. 

 excepting the northern coast counties and not 

 all of these are entirely exempt. 



Food. — The fruit of all varieties of apples, 

 pears, quince, and green English walnuts, usu- 

 ally soft-shelled varieties, are attacked. Loquat 

 and crabapple are occasionally infested. 



Control. — The accepted treatment for this 

 pest is spraying with arsenicals. The first ap- 

 plication should be made just as soon as the 

 petals of the blossoms fall when the sepals of 

 the calyx are open. It will be difficult to find 

 a time when all of the calyx cups are the same, but work should be 

 started as soon as possible, and the entire orchard sprayed within 

 a few days. Thorough work with high pressure and liberal appli- 

 cations are necessary. Though one spraying is often deemed sufficient 

 to control this pest, two applications are still recommended by the 



Fig-. 4 4:,. — The 

 codlin-moth, Cydia 

 pomonella < Linn. ) . 

 Adult female and 

 pupal case from 

 which it emerged. 

 Natural size. (Orig- 

 inal ) 



Fig. 444. — The codlin- 

 moth, Cydia pomonella 

 (Linn.). Adults at top; 

 cocoons, pupae and larvte 

 at the bottom. Some of 

 the cocoons are opened 

 to show the pup?e. Nat- 

 ural size. (Original) 



