452 



INJURIOUS AND BENEFICIAL INSECTS OP CALIFORNIA. 



mended for the cankerworms, will also control the "case-bearer. Reme- 

 dial measures have never been necessary to control this insect. 



THE ORANGE PEEL MINER 



Marmara sp. (Family Tineidse) 

 (Figs. 462, 463) 



Description. — The adults of this miner are unknown, having never 

 been reared or determined. The larvae are exceedingly small, yellowish 



and distinctly segmented, 

 as shown in Fig. 463. 

 T h e anterior segment 

 is noticeably large and 

 bears two small projec- 

 tions. The length is about 

 § inch. 



Life History.— The life 

 history has never been 

 worked out. The mines 

 appear on the peel just 

 before the fruit is ready 

 to pick, from November 

 to March. Where the re- 

 mainder of the year is 

 spent is not known, but 

 probably as some leaf 

 miner on native vegeta- 

 tion. 



Nature of Work. — Fig. 

 462 shows very well the 

 characteristic work of the 

 orange peel miner and 



Fig. 462. — Orange showing the work of the orange consists of long irregular 

 peel miner, Marmara sp. Natural .size. Specimen ± • • ■ • 



taken in San Bernardino County by S. A. Pease, intertwining mines JUSt 



(Original) beneath the epidermis of 



the peel. The skin above the mines soon becomes colorless and later 

 the entire affected portion turns brown. 



Distribution. — The miner appears to be quite generally distributed 

 in the southern part of the state, but is more often found attacking 

 oranges in the inland districts of San Bernardino, ^^^^^^^^^^^ 

 Riverside and the eastern portion of Los Angeles ^XJJJ-XXXUX 5 



counties. 



Fig. 463. — Larva of 

 the orange peel 



Food. — The peel of the orange is the only known n , . 



food of this insect, though it undoubtedly attacks Enlarged three times. 



° J The specimen was 



native Vegetation. taken from the mine 



„ . shown in Fig. 462. 



Control. — The amount of damage is so exceed- (Original) 

 ingly small that control measures are not at all necessary. 



