INJURIOUS AND BENEFICIAL INSECTS OF CALIFORNIA. 471 



CRUDE OIL EMULSION 



Water 175 gallons 



Liquid soap 3 gallons 



Crude oil (21°-24°) 25 gallons 



Fill the spray tank with the 175 gallons of water; add the liquid 

 soap; agitate thoroughly for one minute, after which add the crude 

 oil, continuing the agitation. 



If the liquid soap can not be had, use 20 pounds whale oil soap, 

 dissolved in 10 gallons of boiling water, to which three pounds of lye 

 have been added. 



During the spraying operation this mixture should be thoroughly 

 agitated and great care taken to wet all of the twigs. From 8 to 15 

 gallons should be used on a tree. The application should be made 

 from November to February. 



The crude oil emulsion is especially recommended for black scale 

 (Saissetia olcce) , European fruit Lecanium (Lecanium comi), European 

 pear scale (Epidiaspis piricola), cherry scale (Lecanium cerasorum) 

 and other scales infesting deciduous fruit trees. It should be applied 

 in the winter, when the trees are dormant. 



To also kill moss or lichens on fruit trees add two pounds of lye 

 to the formula of the stock solution. 



DISTILLATE OIL MECHANICAL MIXTURE 



Water 200 gallons 



Caustic soda (95 per cent) 7 pounds 



Distillate (28 degrees Baume) 10 gallons 



Fill spray tank with the required amount of water; add the distil- 

 late and caustic soda, which has been dissolved in a small amount of 

 water. Keep agitator going rapidly while applying the spray. 



This spray has been thoroughly tested by the writer and is one of 

 the cheapest and best for spraying black scale (Saissetia olem) or the 

 European fruit Lecanium (Lecanium corvi) on apricot and olive trees. 



DISTILLATE EMULSION AND TOBACCO 

 (Government Formula for Pear Thrips) 



Water 12 gallons 



Whale oil soap SO pounds 



Distillate (32 to 34 degrees Bailing 20 gallons 



The above emulsion is prepared in the ordinary way as a stock solu- 

 tion. For use in the orchard dilute one to twenty parts of water. To 

 every two hundred gallons of this diluted spray add one pint of 

 tobacco extract containing forty per cent nicotine or about three and 

 one half gallons of tobacco extract containing 2% per cent nicotine. 



This spray is especially recommended for pear thrips. (Also see 

 control measures under pear thrips.) 



