2 THE HORSE AND ITS RELATIVES 



kresk, signifying to neigh, so that the horse means 

 the neighing animal.^ This derivation is, however, 

 not admitted in the Century Dictionary, where 

 the name is stated to be the equivalent of the 

 Anglo-Saxon hors, which signifies swiftness, and 

 is connected with the Latin ai7'rere, to run ; the 

 English term horse thus meaning the running 

 animal. 



The Sanskrit name of the species is a^va, which 

 appears to be the equivalent of the Hebrew sms, 

 the Greek hippos (with its diminutives hipparion 

 and hippidion), and the Latin equus. Another series 

 of names for the horse is represented by the Greek 

 kaballos, the Latin caballus, the Spanish caballo, 

 the Italian cavallo, and the French cheval. In 

 addition to these, we have the German pferd and 

 the Dutch /^^r^. There is also the English name 

 pony, for a small horse, which may possibly be 

 connected with the undermentioned ^^^//^^i-. 



As is commonly the case with domesticated 

 animals, there is also a large series of names to 

 denote the two sexes and the young of the horse. 

 Stallion, for instance, the English name of the 

 male of the species, is equivalent to the modern 

 French dtalon, the old French estallon, and the 

 Italian Stallone, or equus stallonis, the horse at stall. 

 Mare, the designation of the female, is derived 



' See The Students En^^lish Diclionary, by J. Ogilvie, London, 

 1865. 



