THE MACAQUES. 3 



also found in Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Celebes, and in Timor, 

 this being the most eastern habitat of any of the A7ithropoidea 

 except that of Cy^iopithecus 7iiger. Dr. Blanford, in his " Mam- 

 mals of British India," says that the species of the present 

 genus resemble each other in their habits ; they are found in 

 flocks, often of considerable size, and generally composed of 

 both sexes and of all ages. They are active animals, though less 

 agile in their movements, whether on trees or on the ground, 

 than the Langurs {vide infra). Their food is varied, most of 

 the species, if not all, eating insects as well as seeds, fruits, 

 &c., and one kind feeding entirely on Crustacea. They have 

 occasionally been known to devour Lizards, and, it is said, Frogs 

 also. All have the habit of cramming food into their cheek- 

 pouches for mastication at leisure The voice and 



gestures of all the species {M. silenus perhaps excepted) are 

 similar, and differ from those of both the Gibbons and Langurs. 

 Tickell notices this in his MS. Notes, and gives the following 

 details, which are worthy of quotation: "Anger is generally 

 silent, or. at most, expressed by a low hoarse monotone, ' Heu,' 

 not so guiar or guttural as a growl; ennui and a desire for 

 company oy a whining 'Hom , mvitation, deprecation, en- 

 treaty, by a smacking of the lips and a display of the incisors 

 into a regular broad grin, accompanied with a subdued grunt- 

 ing chuckle, highly expressive, but not to be rendered on 

 paper ; fear and alarm by a loud harsh shriek, ' Kra,' or 

 Kraouh,' which serves also as a warning to the others who 

 may be heedless of danger. Unlike the Langurs and Gibbons, 

 ';hey have no voice, if calling to one another." 



The majority of the species are very docile when young. 

 They ^j'rive well, and several of them have bred in confine- 

 nyicN The period of gestation is about seven months, only a 



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