THE LANGURS. lOI 



the finger-nails convex; the great-toe is thick and well-developed. 

 The callosities are small as compared with the Guenons ; the 

 fur is abundant, and generally long, soft, and often glossy ; and 

 over the eyes they have usually a ridge of stiff hairs projecting 

 in front. The members of this genus, as already observed, have 

 no cheek-pouches ; they have, however, a large laryngeal sac 

 formed and situated as described above (p. 84). 



The skull is round ; the eye-sockets large, with a very promi- 

 nent superciliary ridge projecting over them ; the space between 

 the eyes is broad, and the lower jaw is deep. The upper molars 

 are four-cusped, and the posterior lower molar five-cusped. 



The Langurs are, when young, good tempered and easily 

 tamed ; but when old they become sulky and ill-natured. They 

 live chiefly in forest regions, in troops of considerable size. 

 " This genus is spread over almost the whole of the Oriental 

 region wherever the forests are extensive. They extend along 

 the Himalayas to beyond Simla, where a species has been ob- 

 served at an altitude of 11,000 feet, playing among fir-trees 

 laden with snow-wreaths. On the west side of India they are 

 not found to the north of the 14th parallel of latitude. On the 

 east they extend into Arakan, and to Borneo and Java, but not 

 apparently into Cambodia. Along the eastern extension of the 

 Himalayas they again occur in Eastern Thibet, a remarkable 

 species {S. roxellana) having been discovered at Moupin (about 

 lat. 32° N.), in the highest forests, where the winters are severe 

 and where the vegetation is wholly that of the Palaearctic 

 region." ( Wallace.) 



The total number of Monkeys inhabiting the islands of the 

 Eastern Archipelago is, according to the most recent census, 

 as follows: In Sumatra, 12 ; Banka, 4; Borneo, 14; Java, 5 ; 

 Celebes, 2; Natuna, Bali, Lombock, Plores, Sumbawa, and 

 Timor, i each ; the Philippine and Sulu Archipelagos, i each. 



