1 82 Lloyd's natural history. 



of the leg when the Gorilla stands erect. The thumb is short 

 and thick, and is tipped with a broad nail. The hand is broad, 

 thickly haired on the back, and wrinkled from the wrist to the 

 fingers. The fur of the Gorilla consists of long, thick, straight, 

 or stiffly curved bristles, beneath which is a shorter curled 

 woolly hair, or under-fur. 



The skull of the adult male has very protruding jaws, and 

 enormous supra-orbital ridges. The cheek-bones are broad; 

 the temporal muscles meet along the top of the cranium, 

 and have enormous bony crests for their attachment. The 

 same is the case on the back of the head for the powerful 

 neck-muscles. The true form of the skull is obscured by 

 these great ridges and by the extent to which the face 

 protrudes. The brain-case is better shaped internally than 

 appears externally. The orbits have the same form as in Man. 



The canine teeth are enormously developed. The upper 

 molars are four-cusped, and have the oblique ridge, already 

 often referred to, from the front inner to the hind outer cusp, 

 the posterior of the three being much larger than the other 

 two, a character distinguishing its jaw from that of Man and 

 the Chimpanzees. The anterior lower molars have five cusps, 

 three on the outer side and two on the inner, as in Man. 



The lower jaw has no true chin, and its symphysis is very 

 long and quite different from what is seen in the human sym- 

 physis. The opening for the passage of the spinal cord is 

 situated in the posterior third of the base of the skull, and 

 not, as in Man, nearly in the centre. 



The vertebrae of the neck, back, and loins number the same — 

 seventeen — as in Man ; but there are thirteen parts of ribs instead 

 of twelve. The neck-vertebrae have long spines which contribute 

 to the thickness of the neck. The curvature, characteristic of 



