THE CHIMPANZEES. 1S9 



The foot, which is anatomically in no respect a hand, is some- 

 times shorter than the latter, the great-toe is thick, opposable, 

 and thumb-like, the other four toes are united together by a 

 web, the heel is somewhat developed, and the whole of the sole 

 of the foot is applied to the ground when walking. The arms, 

 of which the humeral segment is about equal in length to the 

 fore-arm, are long, but reach only a little below the knee— their 

 span being about a half more than the height of the body. 

 The hands, which are wonderfully human in form, are broad, 

 comparatively short, and less hook-like than in the Orang. 

 The hair on the arm and fore-arm converges towards the elbow, 

 as in the Gorilla and Orang. The thumb is short in compari- 

 son with the same digit in Man, and, as in the human hand, the 

 middle finger is the longest ; the outer four fingers being united 

 by a web reaching up to the first joint. The palm of the hand 

 can be applied flat to the ground ; but though the Chimpanzees 

 can stand or run erect on the flat sole of the foot, they prefer 

 to advance leaning forward, supporting themselves on the 

 knuckles of the hand. They have no callosities on the ischia- 

 tic bones, on which they sit. 



The female Chimpanzees are slightly smaller than the males, 

 but the disparity between them is much less than between the 

 two sexes of the Gorilla. The nose and teeth are less promi- 

 nent, and the belly is more tun-shaped. The young males also 

 exhibit fewer differences from the adult than among the 

 Gorillas, though difl'ering in many points of their soft anatomy 

 and osteology. The nose lengthens, and its extremity widens, 

 while the face becomes more prognathous with increasing years. 

 In the young the frontal bone is low and flat. The skull m 

 the Chimpanzee is elongated, and small in proportion to the 

 body ; the forehead is smaller, the crown more rounded than 



