THE CHIMPANZEES. I97 



are the districts from which this Chimpanzee has chiefly been 

 imported into Europe. 



Habits. — The more characteristic habits of the common 

 Chimpanzee have already been given under the description of 

 the genus. 



Its food consists of all sorts of forest fruits, and especially 

 of the young shoots of the Scitaminece^ or ginger-plants. 



The Chimpanzee can move the skin of its head, as the 

 Gorilla does, but without causing the erection of the hair, 

 which the Orang and the Gorilla are both able to accomplish. 

 It can also to some considerable extent wrinkle its forehead, if 

 disappointed or pleased, as when refused anything, or if tickled, 

 when in the latter case it also utters a chuckling sound like 

 that of smothered laughter, draws back the corners of its 

 mouth, and wrinkles its eyelids. 



The Soko observed by Livingstone in the Manuyema country 

 would seem to be the common Chimpanzee. " According to 

 Livingstone," to quote Mr. H. H. Johnston's note in his excel- 

 lent "Life" of the great traveller, "these creatures often walk 

 in an erect position, but steady their bodies by placing the 

 hands on the back of the head. He represents this beast as 

 being of great intelligence, and so cunning, that it is difficult 

 to stalk him in front without being seen, and, therefore, when 

 he is killed, it is usually from behind. The Manuyema people 

 frequently string a number of nets round some enclosure in the 

 forest and drive the Sokos into them and spear them. Brought 

 to bay like this, they will frequently turn on their assailants, and 

 will snatch their spears from them, and break them, and perhaps 

 also bite off the ends of the men's fingers." But, as a rule, the 

 Soko is not ferocious. They are said to kidnap children and 



