THE CHIMPAN2:EES. 20 I 



far above that of the ordinary Chimpanzee. With but Httle 

 trouble she could be taught to do many things that require the 

 exercise of considerable thought and understanding." {Bartlelt.) 

 In general habits A. calvus differs, so far as known, in no 

 respect from A, troglodytes. 



It was on this Ape that the late Dr. G. J. Romanes, attracted 

 by its high intelligence, made his interesting psychological ex- 

 periments, which are related in the Proceedings of the Zoo- 

 logical Society for 1889. " Her intelligence was conspicuously 

 displayed by the remarkable degree in which she was able to 

 understand the meaning of spoken language — a degree fully 

 equal to that presented by an infant a few months before 

 emerging from infancy, and, therefore, higher than that which is 

 presented by any brute, so far at least as I have met with any 

 evidence to show. Having enlisted the intelligent co-operation 

 of the keepers, I requested them to ask the Ape repeatedly for 

 one straw, two straws, or three straws. These she was to pick 

 up and hand out from among the litter of her cage. No con- 

 stant order was to be observed in making these requests, but 

 whenever she handed a number not asked for, her offer was to 

 be refused, while if she gave the proper number her offer was 

 to be accepted, and she was to receive a piece of fruit as pay- 

 ment. In this way the Ape was eventually taught to associate 

 these three numbers with their names. ... As soon as the 

 animal understood what was required, and had learnt to asso- 

 ciate these three numbers with their names, she never failed to 

 give the number of straws asked for. Her education was then 

 extended in a similar manner from three to four and four to 

 five straws." " Sally " rarely made mistakes up to that number, 

 but above five and up to ten, to which one of the keepers en- 

 deavoured to advance her education, the result is uncertain. 



