THE HUMAN RACE. 207 



the highest and lowest races of mankind, and widely as they 

 are separated geographically, these dissimilar characters are 

 not considered sufficient to constitute more than one species, 

 since throughout the series one form graduates into another, 

 and all of them are fertile with each other. Although there is 

 but one species of Man, he is distinguishable, however, according 

 %o Sir William Flower, into three main races. 



A. T/ie Ethiopian Race. 



Under this heading are included all the dark-skinned negroes, 

 with black frizzly hair, long heads {i.e.^ whose breadth is less than 

 four-fifths of its length), moderately broad faces, flat nasal bones, 

 prominent legs, thick everted lips, protruding jaws, and long 

 fore-arms. To this race belong (i) the Negroes, inhabiting 

 Central Africa, of which there are numerous tribes : {a) the 

 yellowish-brown Hottentots of the South African plains, and 

 {b) the dwarfed straight-faced Bushmen, living outcast among 

 the mountains and rocks, remarkable for their tufted hair, their 

 great fatty buttocks, and the peculiar "click" in their speech; 



(2) the Negrillos, of Central and West Africa, with short heads 

 {i.e., whose breadth is greater than four-fifths of its length) ; 



(3) the Melanesians, composed of the Papuans of New Guinea, 

 New Caledonia, and the Solomon Islands, with strong supra- 

 orbital ridges, and a narrow and prominent nose : the " hyper- 

 typical " mountaineers of Fiji, the Tasmanians, and the Aus- 

 tralians, especially of the northern portion of that continent, 

 all belong to this race ; (4) the round-headed Negritos of 

 the Andamans, the Philippines, and the Malay Archipelago. 



B. The Moigolian Race. 



These are short in stature, have the skin yellow or brown, 

 the hair black and straight, abundant on the head, but sparse 



