2o8 LLOYDS NATURAL HISTORV. 



elsewhere ; the skull low and intermediate between long and 

 broad ; the face broad, flat, and with large cheek-bones ; the 

 eye-sockets high and round. To this stock belong (i) the 

 Eskimo of Greenland and all the sub-arctic regions of Eurasia 

 and N. America ; (2) the Mongols, of whom the Japanese, 

 the nomad Lapps, the Finns, both of mixed Caucasian and 

 Mongol blood, and those descendants of the Mongols, the 

 Magyars and the Turks, form a northern and much modified 

 group, while the Chinese, the Thibetans, the Burmese, and the 

 Siamese constitute a southern, more civilised, group ; (3) the 

 Malays of the Malayan Penmsula and Sumatra, in which the 

 Mongolian features are very apparent ; (4) the Brown Poly- 

 nesians, inhabiting Samoa, Tonga, the Eastern Polynesian 

 islands, and New Zealand; (5) the native American races 

 inhabiting the continent from Terra del Fuego in the south, to 

 the sub-arctic regions occupied by the Esquimo. 



c. The Caiicasia?i Race. 



Of this stock there are two very distinct groups: (i) the 

 tall, blond, straight, fair-haired, blue-eyed, light-skinned, well- 

 bearded peoples of N. Europe, Scandinavia, Scotland, N. 

 Germany — named Xanthochroi ("yellow-haired" and pale of 

 complexion) by Huxley : these have extended, as a mixed 

 race, also into N. Africa and Afghanistan; and by inter- 

 mingling with the Mongols have produced the Finns and 

 the Lapps ; and (2) the Meianochroi (" black-haired ") people, 

 shorter in stature, with long heads, pale skins, prominent noses, 

 but with black wavy hair and beards and dark eyes, who inhabit 

 S. Europe, N. Africa, andS.W. Asia, and are found also in the 

 British islands. They are known as Kelts, Iberians, Romans, 

 Pelasgians and Semites. The Dravidians of India, the Veddahs 



