ANTHROPOIDEA. 209 



of Ceylon, and probably the Ainos of Japan and the Maoutze 

 of China belong to the Caucasian stock. The ancient Egyp- 

 tians, of whom the Kopts and the Fellahs of Egypt of to-day 

 are the descendants, are pure Melanochroi. (^Flower.) 



EXTINCT ANTHROPOIDEA. 



As we have seen above (vol. i., p. no) the earliest Lemuroids 

 appeared in the Lower Eocene division of the Tertiary period 

 in the New World, and in the Old World in its upper strata ; 

 they continued during the whole of the Eocene in the Western 

 Hemisphere, and are last seen in the Lower Miocene of North 

 America. 



Fossil Apes, on the other hand, appear first in South 

 America, in the Santa Cruz beds of Patagonia, in strata of 

 Upper Eocene or Oligocene age. In the Old World they come 

 on the scene only during the tropical ages of the Miocene 

 epoch. When the middle and upper strata of the latter period 

 were being deposited in Europe, Anthropoid Apes ranged from 

 the Mediterranean shores to further north than the present 

 northern limit of the Old World Apes. 



In the Pliocene age Anthropoidea were living in Southern 

 Asia, around where the Sivalik hills now stand, and in Southern 

 Europe, as at Pikermi and Samos, being represented almost 

 entirely by species of still existing genera, and one living 

 species — the Orang. Chimpanzees had already then become 

 differentiated, and perhaps Man had even appeared, though 

 the evidence is not sufficiently conclusive. 



In the Pleistocene, remains of many still living species have 

 been brought to light both in the New and the Old Worlds, and 

 unmistakable osseous remains, as well as abundant evidences 

 3— V. 2 P 



