MaCacIjs. 213 



Casteani, and Monte Massi, in Tuscany. It has been placed 

 by some Palaeontologists among the Simiidce^ and by others in 

 the CercopithecidcB. According to Ristori, the under jaw shows 

 its alliance with Papio and Cercopithecus ; while the upper jaw 

 more resembles the Anthropoid Apes. It is the largest known 

 fossil Ape, and is excelled in strength only by Dryopithecus, 

 Zittel. 



GENUS MACACUS {suprh^ p. i). 

 Species belonging to this still living genus, occurred in Asia 

 and in Europe in the age — the Pliocene— which immediately 

 preceded the Great Ice age, as well as in the Pleistocene 

 epoch itself. Macacus sivalensis is the oldest fossil of the 

 genus, and was described by Mr. Lydekker from the Sivalik 

 beds of the Punjaub. M. priscus is known from the PHocene 

 of Montpellier, in France ; M. florentinus, Cocchi (the same 

 as Aulaxinuus florentiiius of Cocchi, and M. ausonia?ms of 

 Forsyth Major), from the Upper Pliocene beds in the valley of 

 the Arno. M. suevicus (Hedinger), which has been described 

 from a well-preserved palate-bone, having all the molar, and 

 two of the pre-molar teeth present, was found at Heppen- 

 lochs, in Wiirtemberg. M. trarensis (Pomel) is found in 

 Algeria, in beds of the Ice age ; while, in holes on the rock 

 of Gibraltar, remains of the same species as is now living there 

 —M. imiiis — were discovered by Mr. Calderon in 1879. From 

 another crevasse at Monstaines, in the Haute Garonne, M. 

 Harle obtained a fragment of a lower jaw of a species of 

 Macacus^ associated with the bones of Mammals of the Ice 

 age. {Zittel.) Of the same antiquity is a jaw found, according 

 to Mr. Lydekker, near the village of Grays, in Essex, a fact 

 which indicates a very great difference in the climate of that 

 Dart of England from that of the present day. 



