PLIOPITHECUS. 215 



GENUS SEMNOPITHECUS [,siiprh, p. 100). 

 Among the forests in which bamboos, liquidambars, tuHp- 

 trees, magnoh'as, laurels, and pomegranates flourished in Upper 

 Pliocene days, in the middle of Europe, there lived troops of 

 Langurs, closely aUied to those of our own time. Semno- 

 piTHECUS MONSPESSULANUS, Gcrvais, has been recovered from 

 the strata of that age, at Montpellier, and near Casino in Tus- 

 cany. S. PALiEiNDicus (Lydekker) inhabited the forests in the 

 region where the Sivalik hills now rise at the foot of the Hima- 

 layas, while S. ENTELLUS roamed over that region in the Pleisto- 

 cene age, as its actual descendants do to-day. 



FAMILY SIMIID^ {supra, p. 143). 



GENUS PLIOPITHECUS. 



Pliopithecus, Gervais, C. R., xliii., p. 22 1 (1856); id., Zool. et Pal. 

 Franc, p. 8 (1859) ; Forsyth Major, Atti. Soc. Ital. Sc. Nat., 

 XV., p. 82 (1872); Zittel, Handb. Palasont., p. 708 (1893). 



Frotopithecus, Ed. Lartet (nee Lund), Ann. Dep. Gers., 185 1, 

 p. II. 



This genus is very nearly allied to Hylohates, but differs 

 from it in the form and proportions of its teeth. The genus is 

 based on a lower jaw found in the Mid-Miocene of Central 

 Europe. The incisors are small and long ; the canines strong 

 and but little taller than the incisors ; the pre-molars are low, 

 the anterior having one cusp, and the next two cusps; the 

 molars have two pairs of opposite short, thick, conical cusps, 

 with an additional one on the hind border, which enlarges into 

 a talon in the hindmost of the set. The type species, Plio- 

 PITHECUS ANTiQUUS, which vcry closely resembles the Gibbons, 

 lived in the luxuriant forests of Sansan (Gers), and a variety of 



