220 Lloyd's natural history. 



River-drift Men. They appear to have been ignorant of the 

 potter's art; but they clothed themselves in skins, wore teeth- 

 ornaments, and hunted the Reindeer and other animals — they 

 were men, as Sir A. Geikie remarks, who must have had 

 much similarity with the Esquimo — an identification, however, 

 which has lately been strongly contested. Many fragments of 

 their skeletons have been found in caverns in various parts 

 of Europe : a lower jaw and an ulna at Naulette, a skull at 

 Cro-Magnon, a lower jaw in the Grotte des Fees at Arcy-sur- 

 Cure (Yonne), another from the rock shelter of La Madelaine 

 in the Dordogne ; portions of skulls from Neanderthal, Cann- 

 statt, and Gibraltar, and as far north as Derbyshire, in Eng- 

 land. The remains are, unfortunately, all very fragmentary, 

 and afford little more information as to the physical characters 

 of the Palaeolithic races, than that they were " long-headed." In 

 1886, however, in the Grotto of Spy, in the Belgian Province 

 of Namur, were discovered two nearly complete skeletons, 

 which showed that the Neanderthal skull, the lower jaw from 

 Naulette, and the skulls from Cannstatt and Gibraltar all 

 belonged to the same race. This race, which was widely spread 

 over Europe in the Palaeolithic age, presents more Simian char- 

 acters than, any yet unearthed. MM. Lohest and Fraipont, 

 of Liege, who discovered and described the remains from Spy, 

 have given in detail the following Simian characteristics which 

 they present : The superciliary crests are far greater, and 

 the forehead more retreating, than in any other known race 

 — characters which closely resemble those in female and 

 young male Orangs and Chimpanzees \ and the occipital 

 region of the skull shows a transverse crest as in some 

 African tribes and in the above-named Anthropoid Apes. 

 The lower jaw presents little or none of that markedly 



