HOMO. 223 



ters, ^'a sure indication" of the physiological continuity with 

 the Pleistocene Neanderthaloid Men." The skulls of some 

 of the Australian aboriginals and of the broad-headed people 

 of Borreby, in Denmark, also present a remarkable similarity 

 to the Neanderthal skull — perhaps an indication that those are 

 characters of a stage in the pedigree of the human species 

 before it differentiated into any of the existing races. 

 {Huxley.^ 



The next palceontological evidence of Man is found in the 

 Neolithic cavern deposits, alluvial accumulations, peat mosses, 

 lake bottoms, pile dwellings, and shell-mounds in various parts 

 of Europe. Between the time that Paleolithic Man left the 

 caves he occupied, and the date when the earlier Neolithic 

 people began to deposit fragments of the records of their his- 

 tory in the kitchen-midden, which they piled in front of their 

 shelters, a long period appears to have elapsed in many districts. 

 The objects found in these refuse-heaps are not associated with 

 the remains of the Mammoth, the Woolly Rhinoceros, or the 

 Elephant, but with those of animals still living, or such as 

 have lived down to within historical times. The remains of his 

 skeleton indicate that Neolithic Man varied very much in stature. 

 Some were tall, some short ; some had long and others broad 

 skulls. The long-skulled people had the same tall stature and 

 cranial peculiarities as the blue-eyed, light haired, and long- 

 headed Xanthochroi living at the present day in Eastern 

 Prussia, North Belgium, Northern France, and Britain, though 

 their bony fabric " bears marks of somewhat greater rugged- 

 ness and savagery." The broad-skulled Men were short, and 

 agreed in physical characters with the majority of the people 

 now inhabiting the Mediterranean sea-board — the Mela?iochroi 

 — with black hair and black eyes. Many Neolithic graves have 



