T2 I.EPIDOPTERA. 



hooked spike ; colour dull red. Spun up by a few threads, 

 loosely, beneath its food plant, on the surface of the ground. 

 <C. Fenn.) 



The moth loves to sit on the earth of grassy slopes, and on 

 all sorts of rough ground, or the bases of rocks, often shelter- 

 ing close to a grass tuft; here it remains quite still till 

 approached, when it starts up and flies wildly to a similar 

 spot at a few dozen yards distance, and if again disturbed 

 removes to a greater distance. At dusk it flies of its own 

 accord. Its favourite haunts are hills and coast cliffs of 

 chalk, oolite, and limestone, as well as hills of any con- 

 siderable mixture of calcareous substances. In such situa- 

 tions it is abundant on the coasts of Kent, Sussex, Hants, 

 Dorset, and Devon, and also inland in these counties and in 

 Somerset, Gloucestershire, and Wilts ; more locally or less 

 plentifully found in East Cornwall, Berks, Oxfordshire, 

 Bucks, Herts, Surrey, and Essex ; rare in Suffolk, and exces- 

 sivel}' local in Norfolk and Cambridgeshire; found also in 

 Herefordshire ; Dovedale, Derbyshire ; said to have been 

 taken in the year 1845 in Cheshire ; still rather common on 

 the coast cliSs and limestone hills ofi Yorkshire, Durham, and 

 Northumberland. In Wales it is common on mountain lime- 

 stone on and near the coasts of Glamorganshire and Pem- 

 brokeshire ; but I find no records for Scotland nor Ireland. 

 Abroad it is found over many parts of Central Europe, in 

 Spain, Central and Northern Italy, Corsica, the Balkan 

 States, Turkey, the Ural Mountain district, Bithynia. 

 Armenia, and Persia. 



3. E. Cervinata. Hchlff. — Expanse IHo \\ inch. Fore 

 wings large, pointed, light red-brown, dusted with darker; 

 basal blotch and central band red-brown, darker at the 

 edges. Hind wings long, smoky white, more red-brown at 

 the hind margin. 



AntenniB of the male not very long, pectinated with short 

 oblique ciliated teeth, brown, the shaft shining ; palpi short. 



