ii8 LEPIDOPTERA. 



two conspicuous deep black spots, one before aud the other 

 beyond the discal spot ; lines imperceptible to the second, 

 which is but faintly indicated by pairs of black dots on 

 nervures ; subterminal line white, faiut but rather regular, 

 spreading into a broad white spot backed with black, above 

 the anal angle ; cilia smoky-brown. Hind wings broad, 

 rounded behind, pale smoky-brown ; the dorsal half rippled 

 with darker brown, divided by whitish threads; cilia smoky- 

 brown. Female similar but larger. 



Underside of the fore wings glossy smoky-brown ; discal 

 and costal spots as on the upper side ; beyond are several 

 paler and darker transverse lines and a smoky hind- 

 marginal band. Hind wings pale smoky-grey ; central spot 

 black ; followed by a transverse row of smoky-brown dots, 

 and this by a similarly coloured hind-marginal band. Body 

 and legs pale brown. 



There is a good deal of variation in size in this species, 

 possibly from the nature of the food, more probably from some 

 of the specimens being reared in unfavourable conditions. 

 Much more rarely there is a tendency to development of the 

 usual transverse lines, and a rather dark example, which I 

 possess, shows the first,second,and double central lines, oblique 

 and strongly bent back to the costa, very clearly. A rather 

 small form reared upon Scahiosa columharia in Lancashire was 

 described as a distinct species, under the name of knautiata, 

 but I am unable to find any real — even varietal — distinction 

 in it. 



On the wing in June and Jul}^ 



Larva thick and short, tapering but little, bodj^ wrinkled, 

 thickly studded with minute white tubercles and somewhat 

 more sparingly with short white hairs ; ground colour either 

 yellowish-green, deep rose-colour, or dirty reddish-brown ; 

 down the middle of the back is a series of lozenge-shaped 

 reddish spots, generally becoming faint or confluent towards 

 the head and tail. In the green variety these spots are often 



