266 LEPIDOPTERA. 



to the history of this little-known larva, as observed in 

 North America. In September he found among the grasa 

 and clover, in a pasture, several of these larvae ; he says : 

 " Upon beiug disturbed, they quickly disappear with a 

 peculiar wriggling, jerking motion, under the grass; they 

 seem to move with equal facility either forwards or back- 

 wards ; when not feeding they maj^ be found under a slight 

 web in the middle of a clump of grass. Later observations 

 show that thej" live almost wholly upon clover leaves, eating 

 out the soft parenchyma and leaving the veins ; they will 

 eat grass if clover is not within reach, and one larva was 

 observed to seize an Aphid and devour it, though there was 

 plenty of food within reach. In the autumn, as the cold weather 

 advances, they begin to spin nests in the axils of the leaves, 

 where they retire when not feeding, in which frass is allowed 

 to collect, and around which the remains of partially devoured 

 leaves are drawn, making a very complete hiding-place. 

 These nests are lined with a thick layer of silk and are 

 covered with a thick coating of particles of soil or bits of 

 dried grass, making a thick warm nest in which the larvas 

 pass the winter. These hybernating larvffi come forth in the 

 spring to complete their growth. As they become full-fed 

 they may be seen wandering around and slowly assembling 

 under chips and stones, where the}' pupate ; when in pastures 

 dried cows'-dung seems to be the favourite resort ; ten pupse 

 were taken from a piece of cow-dung one-fourth the size of 

 a man's hand. There seem to be three broods in a year, 

 (Canadian Entom. 1893.) 



Pupa five-eighths of an inch long ; glossy and of the usual 

 shape except that the case containing the head, eyes, and 

 palpi is considerably narrower and smaller than the thorax; 

 and there is a very peculiar and conspicuous tubercle on 

 each side of the front of the thorax. Colour pale yellowish- 

 brown, the eye-cases, dorsal stripe, and abdominal divisions 

 dark brown ; the hooked anal point, and the eye-like frontal 



