PIERIS. 143 



I should have accepted Pieris brassica (Linn.) as the type ot 

 that genus {cf. vol. i. pp. 18, 19). It is, however, the type 

 of Mancipium^ Ganoris, and, I think, Catophaga. I cannot 

 follow Dr. Scudder in making the East Indian Appias pauiina 

 (Cramer) the type of Catophaga^ as the name too obviously 

 relates to the destructive habits of our common European 

 Cabbage Whites. I think, however, that Dr. Scudder has 

 shown that the types of Pieris and Pontia are P. rapce (Linn.) 

 and P. daplidice (Linn.) respectively, and as I do not propose 

 to separate P. brassiccB and P, rapce generically in the present 

 work, I retain Pieris as the name of the genus in which I place 

 them. At the same time I am glad to have the opportunity of 

 figuring Pieris chariclea, P. metra, and P. sabellicce (Stephens), 

 and I have therefore given them separate places, though I see 

 no reason to regard them as anything more than the early 

 broods of the common species. 



Characters. — Antennae nearly as in Aporia ; palpi short, nearly 

 cylindrical, with the terminal joint longer than the second; 

 wings opaque, the apex of the anterior wings obtusely angu- 

 lated ; cells of the fore-wings longer than those of the hind- 

 wings, sub-costal nervure four-branched, the third and fourth 

 forming a very sharp fork ; upper discoidal nervule emitted 

 much nearer the cell than the base of this fork ; fringes well 

 developed. Larvae often gregarious, but not Hving under a 

 web. Pupa pointed above. 



This genus includes our common White Cabbage Butterflies, 

 and is fairly well represented in the Northern Hemisphere, 

 attaining its maximum of variety and development in Northern 

 and Central Asia. The species of this genus are very abund- 

 ant, and are often very destructive in gardens to cabbages, 

 Indian Cress (generally, but improperly, called Nasturtium), and 

 other cruciferous plants. Occasionally these Butterflies cross 

 the Channel in vast flights. 



