199 



the series of thorns on ventral abdominal segments; apical seg- 

 ment of female not elongate 6 



6. Apical abdominal segment drawn out into a long process consisting 



of an up])cr and a lower pair of tube-like organs (PI. XXXTI, 

 Fig. 18) Tipiila sp. 7. 



— Apical abdominal segment short and stout, not drawn out into a 



long process 7 



7. Apical segment with 4 small but distinct lobes at tip (PI. XXVIII, 



Fig. 6) PachyrrMna ferruginea. 



— Apical segment with 2 rather large lobes at tip (PI. XXVIII, 



Fig. 7 ) Tipula hicornis. 



TiPULA sp. I 



Larva. — Length, 20-22 mm. Dark brown, with an indistinct 

 pale central vitta and slightly paler along sides. 



Antennae about 4 times as long as their basal width, dis- 

 tinctly tapering apically; apical joint very small; frontal plate with a 

 rather conspicuous tuft of hairs near outer anterior angle; labrum not 

 conspicuously hairy; mandibles as in Figure 2, Plate XXXII; 

 hypopharynx more elongate than in other species examined, its an- 

 terior margin with 3 rather large teeth in an almost transverse series 

 and a much smaller one at angles (PI. XXXII, Fig. i); labium 

 as in Figure 3, Plate XXXII. Body without surface pilosity ; bristles 

 very weak though long; latero-ventral bristle on posterior portion of 

 each segment usually duplicated, sometimes triplicated; outer bristle 

 of the transverse series on posterior portion of each of the dorsal 

 segments duplicated ; lateral bristles weaker than the dorsal and ven- 

 tral series; apical segment as in Figure 8, Plate XXXI. 



Pupa (PI. XXVIII, Fig. 14).— Length of body, 15 mm.: that 

 of longest respiratory organ, 9 mm. Dark brown, the lateral longi- 

 tudinal elevation along the spiracular region pale ; abdomen with dor- 

 sum indistinctly, and venter distinctly, bivittate. 



Thoracic respiratory organs very slender, unequal in length, their 

 apices flattened and split longitudinally; apices of fore tarsi falling 

 short of apex of first abdominal segment beyond apices of wings, mid 

 tarsi extending slightly beyond the apex of that segment, hind tarsi 

 extending to middle of next segment. Exposed ventral abdominal 

 segments, except apical, each with 2 series of thorns on posterior 

 division, the anterior consisting of 2, widely separated, and the 

 posterior of 4 to 14; no thorns on area covered by legs, and the next 

 2 series slightly interrupted at middle ; apical segment with 4 long up- 



