XXXVIU LLOYDS NATURAL HISTORY. 



at present are too rare, and frequently too doubtful, to allow us 

 to generalise upon them to any great extent. 



The remaining Lepidoptera form Comstock's sub-order 

 Ff^efia/cT, characterised by the possession of a frenulum, or by 

 its substitute, the projection of the humeral angle of the hind 

 wing below the fore-wing, to hold it in position. 



These are divided into— 

 Generalized Frenat/e. (Fam. Megalopygidcs, Fsyc/iidcd^ 

 Cossida^ EndeidcB^ Pyroniorp/iidc^. 

 Specialized Frenat/e : divided into — 

 MiCRO-FRENATiE. Superfamilies, /^'/'^^/zV/'/M, Torfn'cina, Tinc'uia 



and Fam., Sesiidcv. 

 Specialized Macro-Frenat/e : — 



Frenuhiin - Conservers (Fam., Fioplidi^y N'ofodojitidt^, 

 Superfam., Gconietrina ; Fam., Aiizatidce^ Drepanida^ 

 CyjiiatopJioridcc^ N'octiiidce^ Lyinaiilriidce^ Agartstidtr, 

 Fen'copidce, Arctiidce,, Lithosiidcp^ Zygrenidce, Thyrididce, 

 Sp/iingtd(p). Frenuhiui-losers, Moths (Superfam., Satur- 

 niina ; Fam., Lacosomidce, Lasiocanipidce)) Skippers 

 (Superfam., Hespcriina') ; Butterflies (Superfam., Fapi- 

 lw7iina, including Fam., Papilionidce, Fieridce, Lyccenidce^ 

 Nyinphalidce). 

 This work has exerted a profound influence on later authors 

 who have written on the classification of Lepidoptera. 



An important paper which preceded Comstock's book ir 

 America was Prof. Dyar's " Classification of Lepidopterous 

 Larvai," published in the " Annals of the New York Academy 

 of Science," vol. viii., pp. 194-232 (May, 1894). 



Mr. A. Grote, in 1895-1896, has published some important 

 papers in the "Mittheilungen aus dem Roemer Museum, 

 Hildesheim," in which, taking account of the work of 

 Comstock and Dyar, he proposes the following classification 

 of Le pi dipt era. 



