i8o Lloyd's natural history. 



English Insects " (1720), several editions of v/hich appeared 

 subsequently, one at least in Latin. 



Wilkes' " English Moths and Butterflies " (1747-1760, and 

 a second edition in 1773), and Harris's " Aurelian " (1766) 

 close the pre-Linnean period. Several editions have appeared 

 of the latter work, the last, which was edited by Westwood, as 

 late as 1841. 



Donovan's " Natural History of British Insects" (16 vols. 

 1792 to 1813) includes a considerable number oi Lepidoptera. 



The preceding works are chiefly of historical interest ; the 

 following are more important : — 



Lewin's '^Papilios of Great Britain" (1795) contains good 

 figures and descriptions of transformations, habits, &c., of 

 nearly all the butterflies now recognised as British. One or 

 two of the species which he includes are now barely recognised 

 as British, such as Lyccviia virgaurca^ (Linn.), and IpJiiclides 

 podalirius (Linn.), the former taken by himself. Although he 

 figures two northern Butterflies, CcvnonynipJia typJioji (Rott), 

 and FoIyoiuDiatus artaxcrxes (Fabr.), the latter for the first 

 time, yet he does not appear to have obtained Erebia cethiops. 

 E. epipJiron (Knoch), as we know, was not discovered in 

 Britain till after his time. One of the most interesting remarks 

 in his book, nowadays, is perhaps the incidental observation 

 that Liiiieiiitis ainii/la (Linn.) was " common in almost every 

 wood in England." This appears to have been the case in 

 Haworth's time too, a little later, for Haworlh simply describes 

 it, without saying more of localities than in the case of the 

 commonest Butterflies ; indeed, his other observations imply 

 that it was common quite close to London. In the time of 

 Stephens, however, it had already become more local. 



Haworth's '* Lepidoptera Britannica " (1803-1829) bridges 

 over the })eriod between the earlier writers and those of the 

 present century ; for there is a great break in English entomo- 



