152 LLOYDS NATURAL HISTORY. 



legists had au means of knowing that tlicy vrere not really 

 British, and, of course, regarded them as indigenous. 



(c.) Foreign specimens erroneously supposed to be British, 

 or fraudulently represented to be so. In the latter instance it 

 would rarely be prudent or worth while to go to the trouble of 

 palming off anything which v.'as not already reputed British, 

 and a desirable rarity. But in such a case a different species 

 might be introduced into our lists by error, as may be seen 

 from the amusing example which I have related in vol. i. 

 p. 142. 



(^.) Species common on the Continent, and which might 

 reasonably be expected to occur in England, but which are of 

 great rarity in this country, or have recently become extinct. 

 Most of such species were struck out of our lists by Henry 

 Doubleday, but a considerable number belonging to the former 

 category have since been reinstated. Among those not inserted 

 in, but omitted from, our lists " without authority " and after- 

 wards reinstated, I may mention Pyropteron chrysidiformis 

 (Esp.), and among those which I believe to have recently be- 

 come extinct in England, Iphidides podalirius (Linn.), 



(^.) Varieties or species erroneously identified with others 

 occuring only on the Continent. Among these are varieties of 

 the Clouded Yellow Butterfly which were mistaken for, and 

 inserted in our lists as, Euryiiius myrmido7ie and E. chrysotheme of 

 Esper ; they are European species which could not reasonably 

 be expected to occur in Britain at all. Stephens was the more 

 exposed to such errors, as he was not only not in regular 

 correspondence with Continental Entomologists, but was totally 

 ignorant of German ; for though the latter language was much 

 studied in Edinburgh by literary men about the beginning of the 

 century, it was so little known in England that Donovan actually 

 wrote that " the letterpress of Rosel's book was quite useless on 

 account of the language in which it was written." Stephens 



