70 BRITISH APHIDES. 



to the second coxa3. Tail very small, green, and 

 hairy. Wings finely punctured; insertions yellow; 

 stigma greyish ; veins black and strongly marked. 



On first issuing from the pupa the winged females 

 are wholly green, with the exception of the eyes and 

 stemmata, whicli are pale brown. Some mature speci- 

 mens become entirely black, through the encroachment 

 of the dark markings on the green. 



The insect figured in Plate LYIII gave birth to two 

 young whilst she was under examination by the micro- 

 scope. At first these young appeared very like shining 

 yellow eggs, for their limbs were enveloped in an 

 exceedingly delicate membrane, which seemed to be 

 lubricated with a viscid substance. It was noticed that 

 some were born with their backs turned downwards, 

 wards, but, like all other Aphides, they uniformly pre- 

 sented their tails foremost. Whilst the head of the 

 young Aphis is still attached to the parent, the mem- 

 brane is imperceptibly passed or pushed ol¥ towards 

 the tail end, w^here it accumidates as a fine paper-like 

 mass. 



The limbs of the young, when first they appear from 

 the vulva, are lubricated by a glairy secretion. The 

 antennae, rostrum, and legs are disposed in a parallel 

 fashion, so that the foetus presents a uniformly ovoid 

 shape. The extremities grow rapidly, and soon pro- 

 ject beyond the tail. The antennae are first liberated, 

 then the first and second pairs of legs, and finally the 

 hind legs are disengaged, with which the insect strug- 

 gles to get free. During the eight or ten minutes 

 required for its birth, the young Aphis doubles its size 

 from the absorption of air. Finally, ha^dng thrown 

 off" the investing pellicle, the smoothness of which 

 doubtless assists in the act of expulsion from the body 

 of its parent, it shows itself covered with fine hair. 



This species was taken plentifully in early June on 

 the leaves of the butterburr, Tussilago ijetasiteSi at 

 Albury, in Hertfordshire. Afterwards it was, in July, 

 kindly forwarded to me by Mr. Hardy, of Berwick, 



