THE P.LACK COLLAR. 221 



Berkshire, Wiltshire (Savernake Forest), Devonshire (Dart- 

 moor), South Wales (near Swansea), North Wales (Mold), 

 Cheshire (one specimen, Staley-brushes), Yorkshire (Scar- 

 borough), Durham (one at Bishop Auckland), Cumberland 

 (Barrow Wood). The range abroad includes Central Europe 

 (except Holland and Belgium), Southern Sweden, Lavonia, and 

 South-east Russia, Armenia, and Northern Asia Minor. It 

 may be noted that Stephens, writing in 1829, considered this 

 to be a doubtful British species. 



The Setaceous Hebrew Character {Nochia c-nip-iim). 



A male specimen of this often common and generally dis- 

 tributed species is shown on Plate no, Fig. 8. The fore win^s 

 vary in colour, from pale reddish grey through bright reddish 

 or pinkish brown to purplish brown ; the costal mark may 

 be whitish, ochreous, or pinkish tinged. The moth is most 

 frequently obtained in the autumn, but it is sometimes met with 

 from May to July. 



The caterpillar is pale brownish or greenish grey, with two 

 series of black streaks, and a dark-edged pale central line, on 

 the back ; below the black outlined white spiracles is a black- 

 edged yellow ochreous, or whitish stripe ; head ochreous brown 

 streaked with darker brown. It feeds on dock, chick weed, 

 groundsel, and other low plants. It is said to feed from 

 September to April or May. Possibly, however, in favourable 

 seasons, some may pupate either in the autumn or in the early 

 months of the year, and so attain the moth state greatly in 

 advance of the majority. The range of this species' distribution 

 extends to India, Corea, Japan, and North America. 



The Black Collar {NocttLa flammatm). 



Fore wings pale greyish brown, with dark-edged pale cross 

 lines ; a pale whitish brown pink-tinged streak along the front 



