PEOr. J. O. WESTWOOD ON THE UEANIID.^. 513 



les poussent encore vers cette division. Quant aux premiers etats, il y a sons doute du 

 pour et du contre, cependant ceux de Y Urania rhipheus sont tellement decisifs, que 

 personne n'a hesite a la rejeter dans les Phalenes." 



Mr. Packard, in his fine monograph upon the American Geometrideous Moths, goes 

 even further than M. Guenee. On account of the structure of the head^ in the Ura- 

 nides he cannot agree with Guenee in regarding them as a family distinct from the 

 Geometridse. He adds, " The venation is also much as in the Phalaenidae " (a group of 

 the Geometridae), there being only three median nervules, on which account he regards 

 them as forming the highest subfamily of the Phalsenidse. " I am aware that the larvte 

 have sixteen feet, no other Phalsenid having more than fourteen " (Mon. p. 22). 



Mr. Packard, who has devoted six plates and nearly 150 figures to represent the 

 venation of the wings of the genera of Geometrideous moths, gives the following as 

 the general character of the venation of the family : — " Usually six subcostal venules, 

 always but three median venules ; no submedian vein, sometimes a fold representing it. 

 A subcostal cell often present, sometimes two, the cell being formed almost invariably 

 by the anastomosis of the first subcostal venule with its vein. Independent vein well 

 marked, usually in the middle of the discal space " (p. 16). 



I have copied from Mr. Packard's plates one of the most characteristic figures of the 

 fore wings of the Geometridae (Plate LXXXVI. fig. 7), representing that of Ihjdfia 

 undulata, Packard (pi. i. fig. 14), in which we see two small prediscoidal cells distinct 

 from the costal vein, the upper discoidal vein (b5«) arising at a distance beyond the 

 discoidal cell from what I consider as normally constituting the basal portion of the 

 branch B 2 or more probably of B 3. . In the fore wing of Eumacaria Irumiearia, 

 Packard (pi. iii. fig. 7), we see only a single small prediscoidal cell, the first branch of 

 the subcostal vein uniting with the costal vein near its extremity, Avhilst the upper 

 discoidal vein (b5») extends backwards so as to form the upper extremity of the 

 discoidal cell, the basal portion of the upper discoidal vein being the upper discocellular 

 veinlet of E. Doubleday, and the lower discoidal vein (c3*) arising halfway between 

 the branch B5» and c"j from an oblique veinlet, the upper part of which forms the 

 middle discocellular veinlet of E. Doubleday, and the lower part being his lower dis- 

 cocellular veinlet. 



On looking over Mr. Packard's numerous figures of the veining of the wings, we see 



' The following are the characters of the head of C'l/diiiion le'dus (which, following Guenee, ilr. Packard has 

 introduced at the end of the Geometridae) given hy the last-named writer : — 



" Cydimon leilus (pi. vi. f. 25'). The occiput and epicranium are small and narrow, the antennte being in- 

 serted on the summit of the head ; the epicranium is very small, the basal joints of the antennae being large 

 and near together. The clypcus occupies the entire front, being much longer than broad, narrow, tlie sides 

 parallel, not narrowing in front, and the surface flush with the eyes ; the front edge is slightly arcuato, being 

 slightly produced in the middle of the edges, with lateral foramina distinct. Mandibles rather long, incurved, 

 and with the usual dense golden seta; lying over the base of the maxillae. Labrum small, narrow. Maxill.e 

 \\ ell developed." 



