880 riiOCEEDIXGS OF THE THIRD ENTOMOLOGICAL MKETING. 



(3) Parasites of other animals — 



(a) external parasites, 



(b) internal patasites. 



(4) Feeders on living plants : — 



(«) leaf-eaters, 



(b) leaf-miners, 



(c) gall-makers — 



(1) in leaves, 



(2) in petioles, 



(3) in stems ; 



(d) borers — 



(1) in stems, 



(2) in roots, 



(3) in flowers, 



(4) in fruits, 



(5) in seeds , 



(e) root-feeders, 

 (/) sap-suckers. 



(5) Aquatic insects. 



Scavengers oj dead animal matter, sucli as many Sarcophagids, Muscids, 

 Phorids and other Diptera, and Scarabseids, Silphids and other Coleoptera, 

 require moist conditions and should be provided with moist food and moist 

 earth. They are easily reared as a rule if their appropriate food is placed 

 on a little earth. 



A few Lepidopterous and Coleopterous feeders on dead animal matter 

 (such as TrichopJiaga on furs, Tinea and Antlirenus on woollens, and Nee- 

 robia on dried meat) are also easily reared in the presence of their particular 

 food, but require fairly dry conditions. 



Scavengers of dead vegetable matter, such as those beetles which live 

 in dry grain or wood, depend little on external conditions and can be 

 reared out easily. But those which feed in rotting vegetable matter, 

 such as Nitidulids, require to be kept under moist conditions. 



Predators. Among the predators which bite, the Mantids, Carabids, 

 Coccinellids, as also the Phorids and Syrphids and those which suck, 

 the Myrmeleonids, Ascalaphids, Chrysopids. Pentatomids and Reduviids, 

 require an ample supply of food and are indifferent to dry or moist condi- 

 tions. The Carabids, however, pupate undergroimd and require a supply 

 of moist earth. The larvae of stinging predators, Eumenids, Sphegids, 

 etc., and in fact all Hymenojjterous larvae except probably those of 

 Tenthredinidd which behave like caterpillars, require a good deal of 



