910 rEOCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD ENTOMOLOGICAL MEETING 



to appear as one ; it measures 2 mm.; each of these is fringed with minute 

 sharp tubercles. The head is wedge-shaped and with the cephaHc process 

 appears more or less like that of a goat. The tail-process is prominent 

 (3-5 mm. long) and kept almost upright. The whole body is fringed with 

 minute tubercles. Those along the mid-dorsal Une form a sort of median 

 dorsal ridge. The genei al colour of the body is a pale green. The head 

 process is transparent greenish-white and the tail process is pinkish-brown. 

 Head pale greenish ; rest of body yellowish-green. Spiracles are seen 

 as minute dark spots. There is a median dorsal small dark browoi patch 

 on the prothorax. 



During these earher stages the caterpillar exactly resembles the ribs 

 of the backside of the Cardia leaf, so much so that it is difficult to make 

 out the presence of the larva on the leaf unless closely observed. Before 

 the next moult the larva grows to 16 mm. At this stage marked changes 

 in the form and colour take place. The head and tail horns elongate 

 with the body. The former becomes distinctly difierentiated from the 

 body by its pecuhar triangular shape with the dorsal horn. The general 

 colour of the body, although still pale yellowish-green, brown and purple 

 colour markings appear all over the dorsal surface. The dorsal region 

 of the head around the base of the horn is dark ; the rest of the head 

 light yellowish-green. The whole of the head process has a dark brown 

 colour. The head and the process are covered with numerous minute 

 tubercles. The dorsal region of the prothorax has a pinkish median 

 stripe which at the posterior boundary of this segment expands into a 

 prominent black spot. From behind this area, viz., from the mesothorax 

 backwards to the posterior horn on the last abdominal segment, there is a 

 series of pinkish-brown spots arranged in pairs along the mid-dorsal 

 region. The thoracic legs are purple-brown and the prolegs whitish- 

 green. The posterior horn is purplish-brown, 5 5 mm. long, straight and 

 covered with minute tubercles. The posterior two or three pairs of 

 spiracles are distinctly seen as dark browm spots. At this stage the larva 

 moults a second time and assumes the third stage. One week is spent 

 in the second stage. 



Third stage. Length IS mm. There is no change in the gencal 

 appearance and colour. In front of the head are found two bluish- 

 black streaks, one on each side of the clypeus, beginning from the ocellar 

 region and extending backwards, both these meeting at the foot of the 

 cephalic horn, ocelH and mouth parts olive brown. The spiracles appear 

 clearer. When the lai-va moves about the cephalic process is kept erect 

 and not directed forwards. At this stage the larva exactly resembles 

 the centra] main rib of the back of a Cardia leaf. 

 Within another week the third skin is thrown off. 



