NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 207 



iJarrtsiV, as stated, has the nuiculation most distinct; tlie thorax 

 has a dark line each side of the disc, and the abdomen has a hitei-al 

 dusky line. The primaries have the transverse lines very distinct ; 

 the t. a. lines are angulated over the cell, while the t. p. lines are 

 strongly dentated on the veins. 



Bombycoides is closely allied ; the color is more shot with umber 

 brown, the markings very much as in harrisil, but much more ob- 

 scure, and the basal transverse bands are wanting. 



Coniferarmn lacks the maculation on thorax and abdomen, and 

 the transverse maculation is reduced to a faint reproduction of the 

 outer line so prominent in harrisii. 



Pineum still more resembles the Ptilodontids in wing form ; the 

 uniform color, darker than harrisii, with only a darker, indefinite, 

 curved shade to represent the t. p. lines will easily distinguish this 

 species. The larvse lack the caudal horn. 



The present position of this genus, at the end of the Sphingid 

 series is contrary to my previously expressed opinion, placing it with 

 the Smerlnthids. A more careful study of all the features of the 

 genus convinces me that it is rather a lead from the Sphinyinoi to 

 the Ptilodontids, i. e. that the SphingidcB have decided affinities with 

 two distinct Bombycid families ; i. e. with Saturnia through Cressonia, 

 and with Heterocampa through Ellema and Exedrium. The general 

 habitus of the species is a degraded Hyloieus type, while the wing 

 form, the structure of the tibipe and of the genitalia all are Sphingid 

 ratlier than Smerinthid. 



The larva, too, have nothing of the Smerinthid type, while resem- 

 bling in some respects, at least, the Sphingince. 



E. harrisii Clem.,* Journ. Ac. N. Sci. Phil. iv. 188, Ellema; Morr., Syu. 1862, 

 216, Ellemn; Lint.,* Pr. E. S. Phil. iii. 669, Ellema; G. k R., Pr. E. S. Phil. v. 

 166, Ellema : Beth.,* Cau. Eut. i. 18, Ellema; Q. & E., List. Lep. 5, Hyloieus; 

 Wlk., C. B. Mus. Lep. Siipp. 36, 297, Ellema : Lint.,* 23, Eep. N. Y. State Cab. 

 X. H. 170. pi. 8, figs. 10 and 11, Ellema ; Eut.,* Cout. i. 38, Ellema; Grt., BuflF. 

 Bull. i. 27, Ellema; Andrews,* Psyche ii. 79; Grt., Tr. A. E. S. ii. 115, Hy- 

 loieus; Grt., BuflF. Bull. ii. 228, = bombycoides ; Bd.,* Sp. Gen. Lep. Het. i. 

 106, Sphinx; Strk., Lep. Rhop. et Het. 116, pi. 13, fig. 16, Lapara ; Butl., Tr. 

 Zool. Soc. Loud. ix. 626, Ellema; id. 642, Hyloieus; Maasseu, Stett. Ent. Zeit. 

 1880, V. 41, p. 66 ^i= bombyeoides ; Fernald,* Sphing. 83, var. bombycoides, 

 Ellema. 



coniferarum + Harr., Sill. Jouru, 36, 297, Sphinx; Wlk., C. B. M. Lep. Het. 

 viii. 221, Anceryx; Clem., Journ. Ac. N. Sci. Phil. iv. 188, sp. err. cit. ; Har- 

 ris, Inj. Ins. Flint ed. 328, Sphinx. 



